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Mar 25, 2019 The following descriptions of defect (Image 2‑157 and Image 2‑158) are examples for the coding category Break/Collapse. (Table: Break) (Table: Break - Missing pieces of wall) Possible causes of defect Possible causes of a break or collapse of a manhole or inspection chamber are always other forms of defect (primary defect), such as e.g. cracks, leakages, corrosion etc. combined with an additional dysfunction or changed load ( (Break / Collapse (BAC))). … |
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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Mar 25, 2019 Just like masonry sewers, manholes made of masonry with cement-bound joint mortar can be prone to numerous types of defect due to different causes ( (Defective brickwork or masonry (BAD))). Although the defect spectrum is much larger, EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]] only captures the main codes “Defective masonry” and “Missing mortar”. According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], the main code “Defective masonry” for manholes and inspection chambers … |
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Mar 25, 2019 The following photos (Image 2‑159 to Image 2‑162) show some examples for the type of defect categorised as “Defective masonry” along with the corresponding defect codings. (Table: Defective masonry – Displaced building stones/bricks) (Table: Defective masonry – Missing building stone/brick) (Table: Defective masonry – Displaced and missing building stones/bricks) (Table: Defective masonry – Missing building stones/bricks) Possible causes and consequences … |
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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Mar 25, 2019 According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], surface damage for manholes and inspection chambers is defined as: “The surface of the manhole or inspection chamber has been damaged by chemical (including corrosion of metal) or mechanical action”. The definition explicitly applies to non-lined structures. According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], the surface damage is characterised by the type of damage on the one hand and the cause of damage on the … |
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Mar 25, 2019 Image 2‑164, Image 2‑165 and Image 2‑166 illustrate examples for the damage type “Surface damage” while considering the respective cause of defect. (Table: Surface damage – Flaking) (Table: Surface damage – Corrosion appearing at the surface) (Table: Surface damage – Flaking with visible, corroded reinforcement ) Possible causes and consequences of defect Bascially, with regard to the possible causes and consequences of defect, the corresponding details … |
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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Mar 25, 2019 In the following, according to the explanation in (Intruding connection (BAG) / Defective connection (BAH)), the defect types “Intruding connection” and “Defective connection” are considered in a summarised form. In EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], an intruding connection is defined as “a connecting pipe projecting into the manhole or inspection chamber”. In that context, for surveys, the codes for a connection (DCA) or a service pipe (DCG) are to … |
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Mar 25, 2019 Some examples for descriptions of defect using the main code “Intruding connection” and “Defective connection” along with the corresponding defect codings are illustrated in Image 2‑167, Image 2‑168 and Image 2‑169. (Table: Intruding connections ) (Table: Intruding and defective connections ) (Table: Defective connection – Connection clogged/blocked ) Possible causes and consequences of defect Basically, with regard to the possible causes and consequences … |
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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Mar 25, 2019 In EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], the type of defect “Intruding sealing material” is defined as follows: “all or part of the material used to seal a joint between two adjacent chamber units is intruding into the manhole or inspection chamber”. The main code is characterised by the type of sealing material ( (Manholes)) and, in addition, for sealing rings, subject to the form of intrusion as follows:
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Mar 25, 2019 According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], for manholes and inspection chambers the main code “Displaced joint” is defined as: “adjacent manhole or inspection chamber units are displaced from their intended position in relation to each other”. This form of defect is characterised by means of the type of displacement:
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Mar 25, 2019 In the following two examples are explained for the type of defect categorised as “Displaced joint” (Image 2‑170 and Image 2‑171). (Table: Displaced joint – Horizontal displacement with intruding obstacle ) (Table: Displaced joint – Horizontal displacement ) Possible causes of defect The following aspects are worth considering with regard to the type of defect categorised as “displaced joint”:
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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Mar 25, 2019 According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], just as with drains and sewers ( (Lining observations (BAK))), the main code “Lining observations” differs from all other main codes for manholes and inspection chambers insofar as this main code is no longer treated as a type of defect, but as an observation. However, in that case of application as well, many observations de facto and undoubtedly represent types of defect along with the respective consequences. |
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Mar 25, 2019 According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], a “Defective repair” for manholes and inspection chambers (main code DAL) is defined as follows: “A repair has been carried out on the manhole or inspection chamber which now has a defect.” In addition to the coding for a defective repair, the coding for point repair is also to be applied. For the case that the repair measure is carried out at a locally limited internal lining, the main code DAK (Lining … |
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Mar 25, 2019 Whereas in EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]] the definition of the type of defect “Weld failure” is used for all welded seams in manholes and inspection chambers. The use of this main code should be limited to welding seams that have been created in the context of the installation procedure, not during a rehabilitation measure. Thus, defective welding seams in factory-made linings (composite material) or linings created during a rehabilitation measure … |
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Mar 25, 2019 In EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], all types of defects with porous wall material (i.e. locally or systematically permeable due to a reduced structural integrity of the material) are summarized under the main code “Porous wall (DAN)”. Possible causes and consequences of defect This main code does not differ from the main code BAN for drains and sewers. Basically, a detailed description as well as possible causes and consequences of defect can be found … |
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Mar 25, 2019 According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], the main code “Defective step or ladder” describes forms of defect to step (climbing aids), ladders or step boxes ( (Catch basin systems)). The characterisation is done subject to the type of defect:
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Mar 25, 2019 In the following, some examples are illustrated for the type of defect categorised as “Defective step” along with the respective defect coding (Image 2‑173) (Image 2‑174). (Table: Defective step – Missing step) (Table: Defective step – Corroded step) Possible causes of defect Among the possible causes for defective step rings, there are:
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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Mar 25, 2019 According to EN 13508-2 [ [EN13508-2:2011]], the main code “Defective cover or frame” refers to the top part of a manhole or inspection chamber ( (Manholes)). In the case that several types of defect occur at the cover or frame, this main code is to be applied several times. Depending on its type, the occurring defect is categorised as [ [EN13508-2:2011]]:
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Mar 25, 2019 Image 2‑175, Image 2‑176 and Image 2‑177 illustrate examples for the description of defect categorised as “Defective cover or frame” along with the corresponding coding. (Table: Defective cover or frame – Manhole cover broken ) (Table: Defective cover or frame – Crack in the manhole cover) (Table: Defective cover or frame – Manhole cover below surface level ) Possible causes of defect The following possible causes of defect to cover or frame are worth … |
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Mar 25, 2019 |
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