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(Image: Attention!)

Vitrified clay jacking pipes are resistant to all substances found in sewage or groundwater or in the soil with the exception of hydrofluoric acid.

Vitrified clay pipes are marked by:

  • chemical resistance
  • wear resistance
  • fire resistance
  • temperature resistance
  • jetting resistance
  • resistance against stray current

The design of the pipe joints depends on the nominal size. These are generally flexible, non-restrained socket and spigot joints with loose guide rings or couplings to [DWAA125:2014].

(Table: Overview of the different pipe joints of vitrified clay jacking pipes)
(Image: Vitrified clay jacking pipe DN 150 with glass fibre reinforced polypropylene coupling [FI-Stein98])
(Image: Vitrified clay jacking pipe DN 200 to DN 500 with V4A stainless steel …
(Image: Examples for jacking pipes made of various materials - Vitrified clay [FI-Steinb]) (Image: Vitrified clay jacking pipes) (Image: Jacking of a vitrified clay pipe in microtunneling ) (Image: Pressure test on a vitrified clay jacking pipe)
(Image: Steel jacking pipes)

The steel pipes used in trenchless installation are usually welded constructions and seldom seamless pipes. They are distinguished by high strength, good ductility and good weldability and, in trenchless installation, are used mainly for the installation of pressure piping such as gas, water, pressurized sewers and inverted siphons [Buttc85] [Stein82b] [Rinck79]. They are installedby pulling-in, pushing-in, pressing-in …

(Table: European standards for pipes made of steel (as at 10.2008))
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Unprotected directly buried pipelines of steel can suffer external corrosion due to aggressive soils or filling materials and internal corrosion due to aggressive water, low flow velocities and bacterial influences.

"An increased corrosion probability is always caused by strongly polluted soils (fuel ash, slag, coal pieces, coke, waste, rubble, wastewater) as a consequence of concentration elements and with element formation …

(Table: European standards for the coating of steel pipes (as at 10.2008))

(Image: Casing pipes [FI-Steina])

Casing pipes:
It can be dispensed with external protection if the product pipe installed inside is self-bearing and the annular space is completely filled or an oxidation allowance was made to the wall thickness.

(Image: Bundled installation inside the host pipe [FI-Steina])

Host pipes:
Here correspondingly, the descriptions regarding casing pipes apply.

(Image: Product pipes [FI-Steina])

Product pipes:
The …

(Image: Steel pipe with PE coating and additional FCM coating [FI-Mannea] - Applying the FCM coating) (Image: Steel pipe with PE coating and additional FCM coating [FI-Mannea] - Completed pipe) (Image: Steel pipe with PE coating to DIN 30670 [FI-Mannea]) (Image: FCM-S steel pipe with MAPEC polyethylene coating, clamping profile and FCM [FI-Mannea] - Pipe cross section)

(Table: European standards for the lining of steel pipes (as at 10.2008))

For the internal corrosion protection of steel pipes, use is usually made of a cement mortar lining or coating (CM lining) to DIN 2614 or to EN 10298 and DIN 2880 which will wholly or partly replace DIN 2614. There are two variants:

  • Standard lining with blast furnace or Portland cement with a high sulphate resistance for drinking-, utility-, drainage- or sea-water

  • Special lining with resin-blended cement mortar for strongly cement-aggressive acids …

When using steel pipes as jacking pipes, the connection of the individual pipes is generally achieved by means of non-restrained and tensile restrained butt welded joints.

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Rust, dust, paint, oil ,grease, moisture and other kinds of soiling must be removed in connection with the preparation of the welding seam. After welding the welding seam must be tested in a destruction-free manner and must be protected against corrosion …

Jacking pipes of reinforced concrete with steel have only been on the market for a few years and up to now have only been used in the nominal size DN/ID 1200 for pressurized water pipes.

(Image: Reinforced concrete with steel jacking pipe DN/ID 1200 [FI-Gollw] - View)

(Image: Production of a cast iron pipe)

Ductile cast iron is a ductile iron-carbon material whose carbon content mainly consists of graphite in free form. Ductile cast iron differs from the grey cast iron used earlier mainly due to the form of thegraphite particles [FGR83].

Grey cast iron contains laminated graphite; ductile cast iron contains graphite spheres. The mechanical properties are greatly influenced by the shape of the graphite; grey cast …

(Table: Material properties for ductile cast iron pipes to EN 545 (water piping) [DINEN545a], EN 598 (drains and sewers) [DINEN598], EN 969 (Gas piping) [DINEN969])

(Table: European standards for ductile cast iron pipes (as at 10.2008))

Jacking pipes of ductile cast iron are manufactured in the centrifugal casting process in rotating, water cooled chill moulds and are used in the following forms:

  • Ductile cast pipes with integral socket

  • Ductile cast iron jacking pipes with jackets

  • Jacking pipes of reinforced concrete with cast iron

  • Ductile cast iron jacking pipes

(Image: Ductile cast iron jacking pipes with cement mortar jackets [Mayr96])

Ductile cast iron pipes with a cast-on socket form the only exception among jacking pipes which do not have a smooth outer contour according to the definition.

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Pipes of these shapes are only suitable for pulling-in in connections with Horizontal Directional Drilling with fluid support or for pulling-in in casing and host pipes as well as for utility ducts. A condition for their use in pull-in applications without exception is …

(Image: Hole corrosion - pitting)

Unprotected and earth-covered piping of ductile cast iron can be damaged by corrosion from the outside and inside when they come into contact with oxygen-enriched watery media, so that such pipes must be provided with an outer and inner corrosion protection when used in water or sewage sectors.

(Table: European standard for the coating and lining of cast pipes (as at 10.2008))

(Image: Cast pipe with internal corrosion protection in the form of cement mortar lining) 

The internal corrosion protection must be established by cement mortar lining according to DIN 2880 and EN 545.

[DIN2880:1999] [DINEN545:2002]

(Image: Cast pipe with external corrosion protection in the form of cement mortar coating) 

For external corrosion protection, coatings of polyethylene films, cement mortar or zinc with a protective sheathing are applied …

(Image: Casing pipes [FI-Steina])

Casing pipes:
External protection can be dispensed with if the product pipe installed within is self-bearing and if the annular space is completely filled to prevent internal corrosion. Otherwise, for the casing pipe the descriptions regarding product pipes apply.

(Image: Bundled installation inside the host pipe [FI-Steina])

Host pipes:
Here correspondingly, the descriptions regarding host pipes apply.

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