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Apr 17, 2019 Horizontal timber shoring is used in groundwater-free subsoil for trench depths of 10 ft to 16 ft (3 m to 5 m). The trench faces, in line with the excavation process, are gradually lined from the top down with closely spaced horizontal timber shoring, sheet piles or similar, which are normally secured using vertical wale timbers and supported by braces. (Image: Standard horizontal shoring (fixing material is not illustrated here) in accordance with [… |
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Apr 17, 2019 (Table: Advantages and disadvantages of horizontal timber shoring) |
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The process of vertical trench shoring involves installing timber shoring or sheet piles gradually in line with the excavation process. In the case of soft, cohesive types of soil, they are driven at least 1 ft (0.3 m) into the subsoil at the base of the trench. The earth- and traffic loads acting upon the vertical timber shoring or sheet piles are transferred to horizontal wale timbers or steel girders that are installed in line with the excavation … |
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The standard vertical lining is particularly suitable for unstable (i.e., loosely bedded non-cohesive or soft cohesive), groundwater-free types of soil with excavation depths of up to 16 ft (5 m). Greater depths require a graduated or inclined lining. (Image: Vertical trench shoring using timber shoring in accordance with [DIN4124:2002]) |
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Apr 17, 2019 (Table: Advantages and disadvantages of vertical trench shoring using timber or steel sheets) |
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The horizontal timber shoring or soldier pile wall represents a combined form of both horizontal and vertical shoring. It is most commonly used for deep building pits and trenches. In the process, H-beams (or double U-profiles that are connected to each using straps) are rammed into the subsoil or placed into prepared boreholes prior to the excavation. In the proceeding excavation process, timber shoring, sheet piles or precast elements made of reinforced … |
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Apr 17, 2019 (Table: Advantages and disadvantages of soldier pile walls) |
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Sheet piling is used in deep excavations, for construction in groundwater or in difficult soils (e.g. quicksand). A sheet pile wall consists of individual sections (called sheet pile) that are usually vibrated, driven or pressed into the ground. Special construction machines are used for this purpose, to which the appropriate drop hammer, oscillating driver or presses can be attached. The individual sections are connected to each other by interlocking … |
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To make the interlock area watertight, either plastic seals must be inserted or the interlock area is subsequently welded or sealed by injection. Sheet piles are among the "soft shoring types", i.e. they deform as a result of the earth pressure generated during excavation. Accordingly, bracing must be done gradually and in line with the proceeding excavation process by means of horizontal waler which are either supported by struts or rearwards secured … |
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Apr 17, 2019 (Image: Trench shoring system) Trench shoring systems represent a further development of horizontal lining, with large panels and a horizontal bracing combined to a unit. |
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Trench shoring systems include:
(Image: Centre-supported trench shoring system) (Image: Edge-supported trench shoring systems) (Image: Dragboxes) (Image: Linear shoring systems) (Image: Linear shoring systems with Boogie Car/roller frame) (Image: Sheet Pile Frame … |
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Centre-supported trench shoring systems are composed of a pair of metal panels with centrally arranged vertical braces that are supported by cross braces. They have to be connected to each other when in use and should not be used individually under any circumstances. Centre-supported trench shoring systems are only permissible to be used up to a trench depth of 13 ft (4 m). (Image: Centre-supported trench shoring system) (Image: Attention!) The installation … |
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Edge-supported trench shoring systems are composed of a pair of panels which are joined together at the outer edges using vertical braces and cross braces(normally adjustable). The installation of edge-supported trench shoring systems is suitable for both the cut and lower method as well as the insertion method. Edge-supported trench shoring systems are only permissible to be used up to a trench depth of 20 ft (6 m). The removal is carried out gradually … |
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Example of how an edge-supported trench shoring system should not be used: (Image: Example of how an edge-supported trench shoring systems should not be used) |
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(Image: Formation of cracks within the minimum required distance for vehicles and equipment, due to insufficient support of the trench wall) The installation of this system using the cut and lower method may result in the formation of gaps between the shoring and the trench wall as a result of the uneven lowering of the panels. This has negative effects on the surrounding area (soil, road surface). (Image: Formation of gaps in the cut and lower method) |
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(Image: Formation of a gap during the insertion: The lack of an uninterrupted force-locked connection during the installation process results in the risk of settlings of the lateral soil and damages to the completed surface) When using the insertion method, a gap is formed between the shoring and the trench wall. This gap is to be filled with suitable material to prevent the settling of the adjacent soil and damages to the surfacing (e.g. road). Subject … |
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(Image: Dragboxes) Dragboxes represent a special form of the edge-supported trench lining systems that can be dragged in the trench in a horizontal direction gradually and in line with the proceeding installation of the pipeline. Normally, a cutting edge is installed at one end of the dragbox in order to allow for an easier dragging of the system through the trench. |
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(Image: Linear shoring systems) This trench shoring system uses movable panels that can be adjusted up and down (up to a depth of about 26 to 33 ft (8 to 10 m)). The panels are inserted into the grooves of vertical beams which are supported by cross braces, spindles (jointed) or roller frames (rigid) [FI-Emun]. An essential advantage of this system is that, particularly in the case of deeper trenches, the shoring panels can be removed more easily during … |
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In the case of the linear shoring systems with a boogie car (roller frame), the vertical beams are not rigidly connected to the cross braces, but rather to vertically moveable roller frames that run along a groove on the inside face of the vertical beam. (Image: Adaptation of the shoring wall height to the necessary trench depth with different panel combinations) (Image: Detailed image of linear shoring system with Boogie car (roller frame)) (Image: … |
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Sheet pile elements use horizontal wales as support for the (steel) special sheet pile profiles. They are connected to each other using supporting cross brace components. The advantage of this system compared to large shoring panels is that crossing services, for example, can be easily omitted from the shoring. In the case of linear shoring, individual shoring units can also be lined with sheet piles. Individual linear shoring units can also be lined … |
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(Video: Video:Installation and dismantling of the Slide Rail System(Linear Shoring)) Video: Installation and dismantling of the Slide Rail System (Linear Shoring) [Illustration: visaplan GmbH] [ThyssenKrupp Bauservice GmbH]. This interactive object is only visible in the online version of the module. |
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There are also significant quality differences in the market for trench shoring equipment (see picture). One quality aspect is proper labeling. The following information must be clearly visible and permanently affixed to trench shoring equipment:
In addition, the following information has to be clearly visible and permanently attached to load-bearing strut sections:
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Trench shoring elements must be accompanied with the manufacturer‘s assembly instructions, which must include the following details in particular:
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